Soiling on solar panels can cause significant losses in energy production, particularly in areas with dry and dusty climates. The amount of energy loss can depend on various factors, such as the severity and duration of the soiling, the type and efficiency of the solar panels, and the local weather conditions.

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Here are some estimates of the energy losses due to soiling on solar panels:

1. According to a report by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), soiling can cause energy losses ranging from 2% to 50%, depending on the location and severity of the soiling.

2. A study by the Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems in Germany found that an accumulation of 1 gram of dust per square meter can reduce energy output by up to 5%.

3. A study by the University of California, San Diego, estimated that the energy losses due to soiling can range from 1% to 7% per year, depending on the location and climate.

4. The International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates that soiling can cause energy losses of up to 10% in large-scale solar power plants.

 

Overall, soiling can have a significant impact on the performance and efficiency of solar panels, which can lead to economic losses for solar energy systems. Regular cleaning and maintenance can help mitigate the effects of soiling and improve the energy output of solar panels